Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale (PCGUS)
9 items in the studied Turkish version. Examines problematic ChatGPT use. A published validation study is available; a research score is not an addiction diagnosis.
Open original sourceAI & Health
How does AI affect your wellbeing?
AI use, emotional attachment, loneliness and mental health symptoms: explore relevant self-tests and the current research.
Sources checked: 8 September 2026.
Self-tests you can use now
These assess individual symptoms or patterns. A result cannot tell you whether AI caused them.
Loneliness
Explore emotional and social loneliness separately.
Anxiety
GAD-7: How much are anxiety symptoms affecting you?
Depressive symptoms
PHQ-9: Symptoms over the past two weeks.
Smartphone use
SAS-SV: Difficulties with smartphone use. Not specific to AI.
Bipolar symptoms
MDQ: Signs of periods of unusually elevated or irritable mood.
What does “AI psychosis” mean?
The term describes reports of delusions developing or intensifying in connection with heavy chatbot use. It is not a distinct clinical diagnosis. Our search did not identify an established, validated self-test specifically for it.
A cross-sectional study found associations between psychosis risk and some patterns of chatbot use. It cannot establish the direction of the relationship or show that AI caused the symptoms.
National Academy of Medicine (2026) · Buck et al., JMIR (2026)
Which new questionnaires exist?
This overview links to the research. The AI-specific questionnaires are not yet available as interactive tests here. Reuse permissions, scoring and German versions need to be checked before implementation.
Conversational AI Dependence Scale
Developed and tested in Chinese college students. Generalisation to other populations and languages requires further assessment.
Open original sourceAI Chatbot Emotional Dependence (AIED)
5 items about emotional dependence. Initial findings involving 5,855 participants were presented in 2026. Early research, not an established clinical diagnosis.
Open original sourceProdromal Questionnaire, Brief (PQ-B)
A general screen for experiences associated with psychosis risk, designed to be followed by a clinical interview. It does not establish AI as a cause or diagnose “AI psychosis”.
Open original sourceWhen to seek human help
If you hear voices, feel intensely persecuted, become increasingly confused, or barely sleep while feeling unusually energised, seek prompt medical assessment. Sleep loss, medication and substances can also play a role. Do not wait for a test score.
Talk with someone you trust and pause chatbot conversations that intensify fear or confusion. In immediate danger, call your local emergency number, such as 112 in Germany or 911 in the US.
NIMH: Understanding Psychosis